Applied Mathematics in Secondary Education: A Critical Analysis of Resource Gaps and Assessment Discrepancies in Grades IX and XII

Ms Mansi Singh

The introduction of Applied Mathematics (Subject Code 241) by the central Board of Secondary Education(CBSE) in 2020 marked a paradigm shift toward competency-based learning, as envisioned by National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. Designed to provide practical mathematical tools for Commerce and Humanities students, the subject promised a departure from theoretical rigor toward real-world utility. However, five years post-implementation, the curriculum faces a "credibility crisis." This paper critically analyses the systemic resource gaps, specifically the absence of standardized National Council of Educational Research and Training(NCERT) textbooks and the consequent over-reliance on private publishers. Furthermore, it examines the 2026 Class XII Board Examination as a case study for assessment discrepancies, where "out-of-syllabus" content and technical errors (such as missing Poisson distribution constants) led to significant student distress. By evaluating the "Institutional Transition Cost" (ITC) and pedagogical fatigue among educators, this study highlights the growing chasm between curriculum intent and classroom reality. The paper concludes with a call for urgent regulatory intervention, standardized resources, and transparent moderation policies to restore the integrity of the Applied Mathematics stream.

An Analysis of Screen Time Usage and its Impact on Cognitive and Emotional Effects in Adolescents

Dr.P.V. Nandhini

The present paper discusses the effect of the use of screen time on cognitive and emotional results in adolescents with the sample size of 125 respondents. The study is intended to comprehend the effects of demographic and cognitive abilities on emotional well-being under the condition of growing digital exposure. The structured questionnaire was used to gather data and was analyzed in terms of descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression. The results show that cognitive skill is positively related to emotional outcomes in a significant way meaning that, the greater the cognitive engagement, the greater the emotional well-being. In contrast, demographic variables such as age and gender do not show a significant influence on emotional outcomes. The regression analysis also proves that cognitive skill is the most significant predictor, and explains moderate percentage of variance in levels of emotions. The paper points out the influence of the screen time is more about quality and the purpose than the time. Positive and constructive screen use can be used to boost cognitive development and consequently, emotional well being in adolescents. The results highlight the necessity of a moderate and attentive attitude towards screen time, as well as the proper parental and educational guidance. The research is an addition to the existing literature on digital behavior and development and provides practical implication on how to encourage healthy screen-based behaviors.   

Historical View of Panchayati Raj in India: An Analysis

Dr. Maddu Galaiah, Dr. K. Srivalli

The institution of Panchayati Raj is not new to India. In the   Vedic age panchayats are considered as an administrative unit. British administrators taken number of initiatives for the strengthening of panhayats in India.  After Independence, Centre and State Governments have appointed a number of committees and commissions for development of panchayati raj. They gave number of recommendations for effective functioning of Panchayati Raj India. However, the governments failed pachayats as institutions of self-governing institutions. The Constitutional 73rd Amendment Act is significant landmark in the history of panchayati raj in India. Pachayats got constitutional status through this Act. Special Panchayats extension Acts are constituted for development of scheduled areas in various states in the lines of 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act. These two Acts are also failed in empowering panchayati raj institutions due to negligence of state governments and lack of awareness among the representative and people on the Panchayat Act. In this context, this paper analyses the historical trends of panchayati raj institutions in India, discuss the reasons for failures and make suggestions for effective implementation of Panchayati Raj Institutions in India. 

Blockchain and Digital Accounting: Revolutionizing Financial Transparency in Governance

Sayak Chakraborty, Ayush Saraf, Gunjan Kumari & Rumki Mondal

In recent years, the use of digital technologies has become essential for improving financial systems and public accountability. Blockchain, a secure and transparent digital ledger, offers great potential to transform accounting and financial governance in India. This paper explores how blockchain-based digital accounting can help create a more reliable, tamper-proof, and transparent financial environment. It discusses how such systems can reduce fraud, enhance efficiency, and promote public trust in both government and corporate sectors. The study also looks at how blockchain can support India’s vision of Viksit Bharat 2047 by ensuring openness and accuracy in financial reporting. The paper will use examples from current digital initiatives and analyse their practical impact on accounting practices. The findings aim to show how blockchain technology can strengthen good governance and contribute to sustainable economic growth in the coming decades.  

Comparative Seismic Performance of Residential Structures with and Without Shear Walls Using latest software (Stadd Pro)

Pallavi Bhende, Kshitij Thate , Er.Avi Nagpure , Yuvraj T. Majgahe

Earthquake-induced lateral forces significantly influence the stability and safety of reinforced concrete residential buildings, particularly in moderate to high seismic zones. Among various lateral load-resisting systems, shear walls are widely recognized for their ability to enhance structural stiffness and reduce deformation during seismic events. This study presents a comparative evaluation of the seismic performance of a G+5 reinforced concrete residential building modeled with and without shear walls. The analysis is carried out using advanced structural software tools, namely . and STAAD Pro, in accordance with the provisions of IS 1893 (Part 1): 2016 and IS 456:2000.Two three-dimensional models with identical geometric and material properties are developed. Model I represents a conventional moment-resisting frame structure without shear walls, while Model II incorporates reinforced concrete shear walls placed at strategically selected locations. Seismic analysis is performed using both the Equivalent Static Method and the Response Spectrum Method. Key performance parameters such as storey displacement, storey drift, base shear, and fundamental time period are extracted and compared.The results demonstrate a significant reduction in lateral displacement and inter-storey drift in the structure provided with shear walls, indicating enhanced stiffness and improved seismic resistance. The comparative assessment also verifies the consistency of analytical outcomes obtained from both software platforms. The findings of this study highlight the importance of incorporating shear walls in mid-rise residential buildings located in earthquake-prone regions and provide practical guidance for structural engineers in achieving safe and code- compliant designs.  

Efficacy of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Follicular Dynamics and Clinical Pregnancy Rates in Patients with Primary Infertility: A Controlled Interventional Study

Dr. Aishwarya and Dr. Aarti Jeenwal

Background: Oocyte quality is often compromised by mitochondrial insufficiency and oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) serves as a vital electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, potentially reversing age-related and oxidative decline in reproductive cells. Methods: A prospective comparative interventional study was executed at ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi (April 2023–March 2024). Forty participants with primary infertility were bifurcated into an intervention group (n=20), receiving 600 mg of CoQ10 daily for 90 days, and a control group (n=20). Results: The CoQ10 cohort exhibited statistically significant improvements in ovulation regularity and higher cumulative conception rates compared to the control group. Conclusion: Supplemental CoQ10 may serve as a potent adjunct therapy for enhancing oocyte competence and pregnancy outcomes.   

Postoperative Infectious Complications Following Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS): A Retrospective Cohort Study of Incidence and Risk Factors

Dr. Varun Chauhan and Dr. Virendra Soni

Background: Despite technical refinements in retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS), infectious complications continue to pose a significant clinical challenge.Aim: To evaluate the incidence and identify independent predictors of postoperative infection following RIRS. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 100 patients treated between April 2025 and March 2026. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors.Results: The overall infection rate was 16%. Significant predictors included positive preoperative urine culture (p=0.004), diabetes mellitus (p=0.03), and operative duration exceeding 60 minutes (p=0.02). Most complications were Clavien-Dindo Grade II. Conclusion: Preoperative bacteriuria and prolonged operative time are critical modifiable risk factors. Optimization of metabolic status and minimizing procedural duration are essential for risk mitigation.  

Prevalence and Causal factors of Primary vs Secondary Female Infertility: A Comparative Study Analyzing Patient Profiles

Dr. Aishwarya and Dr. Aarti Jeenwal

Background: Infertility is a significant reproductive health concern with varying etiologies in primary and secondary infertility. Understanding differences in patient profiles aids targeted management. Objective: To compare prevalence, demographic characteristics, and etiological factors between primary and secondary female infertility. Methods: A retrospective comparative study was conducted over 2 years (June 2022–May 2024) including 60 women (30 primary infertility, 30 secondary infertility). Data regarding age, BMI, duration of infertility, and etiology were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test with p <0.05 considered significant. Results: Primary infertility constituted 50% and secondary infertility 50% of cases. PCOS was the most common cause in primary infertility (40%), while tubal factors (36.7%) dominated in secondary infertility. Significant differences were observed in etiology distribution (p <0.05). Conclusion: Etiological patterns differ significantly between primary and secondary infertility, emphasizing the need for individualized diagnostic approaches.  

Turning the Wheel: The Raas Festival of the Dule and Bagdi Community of Khanakul

Arka Datta

Alessondro Falassi’s exploration of festivals highlights the cultural significance, dramatic intensity, and deep historical roots of the festivals.They serve as platforms for communities to affirm social, religious, ethnic, and historical bonds, preserving cultural identities and lifestyles.The Raas Festival, celebrated on Raas Purnima, honours the divine love of Lord Krishna and Radha. It symbolizes the union of the soul with the Supreme Being and is significant among Vaishnavas and Hindus. In Khanakul, West Bengal, the Dule and Bagdi communities, belonging to Scheduled Castes, organize their own Raas Festival due to exclusion from upper-caste temple celebrations.The Raas Festival also illustrates complex power dynamics. While Brahmanical hegemony exercised oppressive, top-down power excluding lower castes, the Dule and Bagdi communities actively resisted by creating their own cultural space. This aligns with Foucault’s concept of power as relational and productive rather than merely repressive.  

Clinical Evaluation of Ayurvedic Management in Pakshaghata WSR to Stroke Using Standard Functional Scales A Single Case Report

V. Kranthi Kumari, K. Laxmikantham, P. Srikanth Babu

Pakshaghata, described under Vatavyadhi in Ayurveda, is a debilitating neurological condition characterized by unilateral loss of motor and sensory functions. It closely correlates with Stroke in contemporary medicine, a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide. The condition arises predominantly due to aggravated Vata Dosha affecting Snayu (ligaments), Sira (vascular channels) and Mamsa (muscle tissue), often associated with Dhatukshaya (tissue depletion) and Margavarana (obstruction of pathways).Case Presentation and Intervention: A 65-year-old male presented with sudden onset weakness of the left side of the body, speech was mildly impaired characterized by intermittent slurring and reduced clarity of articulation and with mild facial deviation following an ischemic stroke confirmed by neuroimaging at a tertiary care centre. The patient reported difficulty in walking, impaired hand coordination and dependence on support for daily activities. He underwent comprehensive Ayurvedic management comprising Shamana Chikitsa for 30 days and Panchakarma Chikitsa for 21 days. The treatment protocol included Abhyanga with medicated oils, Swe dana, Shirodhara, Matra Vasti and Nasya. Internal medications such as Ashwagandha, Bala and Yoga raja Guggulu were administered to pacify Vata, enhance neuromuscular strength and promote tissue nourishment. Results: Post-intervention assessment revealed significant functional improvement. Muscle power improved from 2/5 to 4/5 in the affected upper limb and from 3/5 to 4+/5 in the lower limb. Speech clarity improved markedly and facial asymmetry was reduced. Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores improved from 42 to 102 and NIHSS from 15 to 4, indicating enhanced independence in activities of daily living. The patient demonstrated improved gait stability, better coordination and reduced reliance on external assistance. Conclusion: This case highlights the potential of Ayurvedic interventions as an effective supportive approach in the management of Pakshaghata (stroke). The combined application of Panchakarma and Shamana therapies helped in Vata pacification, neuromuscular rehabilitation and overall functional recovery, thereby improving quality of life.